China’s economy slows sharply in ominous sign for outlook

For more China-focused finance coverage, subscribe to the Jing Finance newsletter for the latest news, business updates, global analysis, and trends shaping financial markets. China’s economy slowed across the board in July with factory activity and retail sales disappointing, suggesting Donald Trump’s trade war is starting to weigh on the world’s No. 2 economy. Production at Chinese factories and mines rose at the slowest rate since November and expanded 5.7% last month from a year earlier, according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on Friday, compared with June’s gain of 6.8%. The median forecast of economists in a Bloomberg survey was for an increase of 6%. Retail weakness Retail sales grew 3.7% YoY in July, the least this year, down from 4.8% in the previous month. Expansion in fixed-asset investment in the first seven months of the year decelerated to 1.6%, as a contraction in the real estate sector deepened. The surveyed urban unemployment rate worsened more than expected to 5.2%. “July’s main economic indicators suggest that the country’s tariff-related swoon has begun,” said Homin Lee, a senior macro strategist at Lombard Odier in Singapore. “The loss of momentum evident in both demand and supply indicators calls for the mid-year fiscal policy tweak.” The offshore yuan held steady after the data release and the yield on China’s 10-year government bonds edged slightly lower. Chinese equities largely held on to their earlier losses, with the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index down 1% and the onshore CSI 300 Index trading slightly lower. The latest snapshot of the economy indicated China’s growth lost steam after a show of resilience earlier in the year allowed Beijing to take a wait-and-see approach to further stimulus. Policy response Top leaders have signaled they will stick with supportive measures already planned while promising to pump more aid when needed, a strategy analysts expect to be fine-tuned pending economic figures in the coming months. “China’s economy overcame negative factors including a complex and fast-changing external environment and extreme weather at home, and maintained progress amid stability,” the NBS said in a statement. “The economy showed relatively strong resilience and vibrancy.” Although uncertainty abounds over the outlook for global trade, industrial activity and construction also suffered from extreme weather. The disruptions in July, caused by high temperatures, unusually heavy rain and flooding in large swathes of China, added to what’s traditionally a slow season for the economy. Growth in yuan-denominated new loans contracted for the first time in 20 years in the month, highlighting subdued willingness for borrowing and spending. Export bright spot But in a boost to the economy, China’s exports remained a bright spot this year despite a drop in shipments to the U.S. after Trump raised tariffs. Instead of announcing massive new measures to juice growth, Beijing in recent weeks ramped up efforts to curb cutthroat competition among businesses. The campaign has attracted intense attention from investors given the stakes involved in reflating the economy and the potential impact on corporate profitability in industries from steel to solar energy and electric cars. Authorities are also looking for ways to boost domestic consumption to reduce reliance on foreign demand in the long run amid rising rivalry with the U.S. The government this week unveiled a plan to subsidize part of the interest payments on some consumer loans, after announcing earlier it will gradually waive preschool fees to ease education costs and offer childcare subsidies for families across the nation. “Looking ahead, economic activity data will likely show more signs of growth slowdown, perhaps even at a faster pace in the coming months,” said Xiaojia Zhi, chief China economist at Credit Agricole CIB in Hong Kong. Read more: PBOC finds consumer mood is turning darker even as economy grows Trump’s tariffs take effect in fresh test for global economy Singapore raises 2025 growth outlook, but warns of risks ahead

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China’s economy slows sharply in ominous sign for outlook