Declining demand from China has hit Tuscany’s traditional leather companies hard, with major fashion houses like Kering and LVMH adjusting their strategies, leading to layoffs and threatening the region’s renowned craftsmanship. Shortening subcontracting chains and internalizing production by luxury brands have left warehouses full and small producers struggling. Some have shifted focus to niche markets and sustainable fashion, while others face challenges in addressing social and environmental concerns. The risk of losing Italy’s luxury appeal looms large, prompting calls for protective measures to safeguard the industry's heritage and workforce.